- find - Locate files
- slocate - Locate files via index
- which - Locate commands
- whereis - Locate standard files
File Text Manipulation
- grep - Search text for matching lines
- cut- Extract columns
- paste - Append columns
- tr - Translate characters
- sort - Sort lines
- uniq- Locate identical lines
- tee- Copy stdin to a file and to stdout simultaneously
File Compression
- gzip - Compress files (GNU Zip)
- compress - Compress files (Unix)
- bzip2 - Compress files (BZip2)
- zip - Compress files (Windows Zip)
File Comparison
- diff - Compare files line by line
- comm.- Compare sorted files
- cmp - Compare files byte by byte
- md5sum - Compute checksums
Disks and File systems
- df - Show free disk space
- mount - Make a disk accessible
- fsck - Check a disk for errors
- sync - Flush disk caches
Backups and Remote Storage
- mt - Control a tape drive
- dump - Back up a disk
- restore - Restore a dump
- tar - Read/write tape archives
- cdrecord - Burn a CD
- rsync - Mirror a set of files
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